Browsemedic - Online HealthCare Information

Emphysema

Emphysema

Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This irreversible degenerative condition is noticed prominently among smokers, especially men. The most common cause for emphysema is long-term cigarette smoking. Emphysema changes destroy the elasticity of the alveoli and bronchioles in the lungs. Cigarette smoking destroys lung tissue and causes inflammation and irritation to the airways. Smoking also adversely affects the immune cells in the lungs. Persons with deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin suffer lung tissue destruction. Other causes for emphysema include air pollution, abnormality in the airways or conditions such as brochial asthma and inherited diseases.

Typical symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, loss of appetite and fatigue. A person suffering from emphysema experiences shortness of breath on exertion. Chest x-rays aid in identifying any changes in the lung anatomy as well as respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis. Lung function test give a clear picture on the functioning of the lungs. Blood tests can indicate any possible infection. Arterial blood gas test is useful in determining the amount of oxygen and carbon di oxide in the blood. Pulse oximetry and sputum examination help in diagnosing the extent of emphysema. CT scan of the chest is often done.

Bronchodilators, steroids, anticholinergics are prescribed to support the breathing of those suffering from emphysema. Nebulization helps patients with shortness of breath. Albuterol and Atrovent are bronchodilating medications that are commonly used for mild cases of emphysema. Other drugs include steroids and antibiotics to treat infections. Surgical remedy involves LVRS - Lung volume reduction surgery to remove lung tissues that have been damaged. It is imperative to stop smoking and embark on a program of learning special breathing techniques and aerobic exercises such as walking, swimming and jogging.